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Perception of the human disturbance by ungulates in the wild and in the captivity
Šťastná, Tereza ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Frýdlová, Petra (referee)
The relationship between ungulates and humans has been evolving ever since the first predator's interaction with the prey, leading to the current domestication. The behavior of ungulates differs based on the human disturbance. The goal of this thesis was to compare the reactivity to humans of selected species in nature vs. in captivity and determine its correlation, inter or intraspecific. The thesis indicates reactivity to humans of specific species of ungulates (donkeys, horses, reindeers and goats). Following reactions were chosen for comparison: vigilance, alert distance, flight and avoidance distance. There are several acting factors like previous experience with humans, habituation, group size or season. With group size, the vigilance decreased, which was proven with donkeys, reindeers and goats. The behavior differed based on the season by resources availability, offspring's presence in herd (higher vigilance) or rut (lower vigilance). In captivity, there were less human contact avoidance, while the experimenter was known. Based on researches, ungulates tend to avoid humans more in nature, than in captivity. Sources claim, that among chosen ungulates, the most vigilant in both nature and captivity are reindeers. Further researches could later consider the human perception according to the...
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Jesus' Prayer in Gethsemane according to Mark
Lněnička, Václav ; Scarano, Angelo (advisor) ; Brož, Jaroslav (referee)
LNĚNIČKA Václav: Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane (by Mark). Prague 2010. Thesis. Catholic Theological Faculty. Charles University. Department of Bible Sciences. Supervisor A. Scarano. Key words: Jesus Prayer, Gethsemane, the disciples, strength and weakness, vigilance, temptation, anxiety, sadness, exegesis. The work deals with the interpretation of passage from the Gospel of Mark 14,32-42. It should serve to intensified understanding of the biblical passage. The actual interpretation is preceded by textual criticism, suggesting of a possible structure of the text and a description of the circumstances. It also includes a brief comparison with synoptic evangelists Matthew and Luke. The interpretation is structured in accordance with verses. The translation into Czech is cleared when useful. The interpretation is conceived primarily as a comparison of several contemporary exegetical work, but the comments of the Church Fathers are also consulted. In the passage, we can follow two ways to respond to the crisis. Jesus, who faces difficult challenge, when he is fully going to be given over the sinners, confessess his weakness and disinclination before the Father, and finally succumbs the God's will through prayer and gaines solid confidence. On the contrary, the disciples, who confidently showed their...
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The effect of a predator occurrence on vigilance of tits visiting the winter feeder
Tichá, Irena ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis evaluates the vigilance parameters of two species of tits affected by the presence of a predator in wintertime. During preferential experiments, tits have had a choice of two feeders in the vicinity of the installed dummy predator. For that purpose was used a dummy sparrowhawk, incomplete or occluded sparrowhawk torsos, and harmless pigeon. It is known that the tits are able to recognize dangerousness presented by the dummy, and according to expected risk dare to visit one of the feeders. It leads to a question whether the tits are somehow influenced by the presence of the dummies, and if so, how specifically are they influenced. It turned out, that the tits in presence of a dangerous dummy significantly increased their vigilance. Both observed species at the feeders behave oppositely. Behaviour of all the birds at the feeder is also affected by their total count at the precise moment and by the presence of a dummy at the other feeder.
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Perception of the human disturbance by ungulates in the wild and in the captivity
Šťastná, Tereza ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Frýdlová, Petra (referee)
The relationship between ungulates and humans has been evolving ever since the first predator's interaction with the prey, leading to the current domestication. The behavior of ungulates differs based on the human disturbance. The goal of this thesis was to compare the reactivity to humans of selected species in nature vs. in captivity and determine its correlation, inter or intraspecific. The thesis indicates reactivity to humans of specific species of ungulates (donkeys, horses, reindeers and goats). Following reactions were chosen for comparison: vigilance, alert distance, flight and avoidance distance. There are several acting factors like previous experience with humans, habituation, group size or season. With group size, the vigilance decreased, which was proven with donkeys, reindeers and goats. The behavior differed based on the season by resources availability, offspring's presence in herd (higher vigilance) or rut (lower vigilance). In captivity, there were less human contact avoidance, while the experimenter was known. Based on researches, ungulates tend to avoid humans more in nature, than in captivity. Sources claim, that among chosen ungulates, the most vigilant in both nature and captivity are reindeers. Further researches could later consider the human perception according to the...
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Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane
Týfa, Petr ; Brož, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ryšková, Mireia (referee)
Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane: Jesus Prayer to Father in the Context of the Passion Story The presented thesis concerns with the issue of Jesus prayer in Gethsemane garden and its meaning in the passion story. It compares the accents of the evangelists and explicates the pericope with focus on the ultimate meaning of the event. The thesis has the form of exegesis, follows the publications of the important Czech and foreign authors, who are concerned with the issue more deeply, and tries to look for the interfaces and the distinctions in their theological views. The thesis shows and develops the important issues, which appears in the story. It is primarily the relationship between Jesus and his disciples, who fail, when they should offer the assistance to his Master and, also the issue of anxiety and fear, what Jesus passes through, alone. No less important motive is also the relation between the soul and the body. The thesis emphasizes the double meaning of the event - the historical and the eschatological ones; in that frame then discusses the issue of the hour, the cup and the temptation. The thesis also points to many references to the Lord's Prayer, and to the issue of the vigilance of the disciples, in meaning of their readiness for the spiritual battle. At the end, the thesis tries to...
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The effect of a predator occurrence on vigilance of tits visiting the winter feeder
Tichá, Irena ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis evaluates the vigilance parameters of two species of tits affected by the presence of a predator in wintertime. During preferential experiments, tits have had a choice of two feeders in the vicinity of the installed dummy predator. For that purpose was used a dummy sparrowhawk, incomplete or occluded sparrowhawk torsos, and harmless pigeon. It is known that the tits are able to recognize dangerousness presented by the dummy, and according to expected risk dare to visit one of the feeders. It leads to a question whether the tits are somehow influenced by the presence of the dummies, and if so, how specifically are they influenced. It turned out, that the tits in presence of a dangerous dummy significantly increased their vigilance. Both observed species at the feeders behave oppositely. Behaviour of all the birds at the feeder is also affected by their total count at the precise moment and by the presence of a dummy at the other feeder.
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Jesus' Prayer in Gethsemane according to Mark
Lněnička, Václav ; Scarano, Angelo (advisor) ; Brož, Jaroslav (referee)
LNĚNIČKA Václav: Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane (by Mark). Prague 2010. Thesis. Catholic Theological Faculty. Charles University. Department of Bible Sciences. Supervisor A. Scarano. Key words: Jesus Prayer, Gethsemane, the disciples, strength and weakness, vigilance, temptation, anxiety, sadness, exegesis. The work deals with the interpretation of passage from the Gospel of Mark 14,32-42. It should serve to intensified understanding of the biblical passage. The actual interpretation is preceded by textual criticism, suggesting of a possible structure of the text and a description of the circumstances. It also includes a brief comparison with synoptic evangelists Matthew and Luke. The interpretation is structured in accordance with verses. The translation into Czech is cleared when useful. The interpretation is conceived primarily as a comparison of several contemporary exegetical work, but the comments of the Church Fathers are also consulted. In the passage, we can follow two ways to respond to the crisis. Jesus, who faces difficult challenge, when he is fully going to be given over the sinners, confessess his weakness and disinclination before the Father, and finally succumbs the God's will through prayer and gaines solid confidence. On the contrary, the disciples, who confidently showed their...
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